Ford Escape: Exterior Lighting / Description and Operation - Exterior Lighting - System Operation and Component Description

System Operation

Headlamps

System Diagram

Item	Description
1	HS-CAN2
2	BCM
3	LH low beam
4	LH high beam
5	RH low beam
6	RH high beam
7	SCCM
8	LH steering column multifunction switch
9	IPMA
10	GWM
11	HS-CAN1
12	HCM
13	LIN
14	LIN
15	PCM
16	LH headlamp
17	RH headlamp
18	LH front suspension height sensor
19	LH rear suspension height sensor
20	Headlamp switch
21	(If equipped automatic headlamp leveling)
22	LIN
23	(If equipped manual headlamp leveling)
24	ABS
25	(with push button start)
26	(without push button start)
27	Start/Stop switch
28	Ignition switch

Network Message Chart

  BCM Network Input Messages

Broadcast Message	Originating Module	Message Purpose
Headlamp flash to pass status	SCCM	Indicates to the BCM a request for the high beams or flash-to-pass.

  SCCM Network Input Messages

Broadcast Message	Originating Module	Message Purpose
Auto high beam request	IPMA	Indicates to the SCCM a request for the high beams based on the IPMA camera input.

Low Beams

The headlamp switch sends a status message over the LIN circuit to the BCM to indicate the headlamp switch status (position or a fault with the headlamp switch). The BCM turns the parking lamps and headlamps on when the ignition is in RUN and the BCM detects a fault from the headlamp switch or wiring. This is normal behavior of the BCM when a fault has been detected with the inputs from the headlamp switch.

For halogen headlamps, when the BCM receives a message requesting the headlamps on, it supplies voltage to the low beam headlamp bulbs in each headlamp assembly.

For LED headlamps, when the BCM receives a message requesting the headlamps on, it supplies voltage to the LED control module mounted to the headlamp assembly. The LED control module sends voltage to the low beam Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs) in each headlamp assembly.

The BCM also provides Field Effect Transistor (FET) protection of the low beam output circuits. When an excessive current draw is detected, the BCM disables the affected circuit driver. For additional information on BCM Field Effect Transistor (FET) protection,
Refer to: Module Controlled Functions - System Operation and Component Description (419-10 Multifunction Electronic Modules, Description and Operation).

High Beams

The SCCM monitors the LH steering column multifunction switch for a high beam request. When the LH steering column multifunction switch is in the HIGH BEAMS position, the SCCM sends a message over the HS-CAN2 to the GWM , then the GWM sends the message to the BCM over the HS-CAN1 .

For vehicles with halogen headlamps, when the low beams are on and the BCM receives a request for high beams, the low beam bulb remains powered on and the high beam bulb is also activated. This changes the headlamp beam pattern to illuminate a greater distance.

For LED headlamps, when the BCM receives a message requesting the headlamps on, the BCM sends a high beam request to the top mounted headlamp LED control module attached to each headlamp assembly through a dedicated LIN circuit. The LED control module sends voltage to the high beam Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs) in each headlamp assembly. The low beam Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs) remain powered on and the high beam Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs) are also activated. This changes the headlamp beam pattern to illuminate a greater distance.

For LED headlamps, when the vehicle is in ON, the BCM supplies voltage to the top mounted headlamp LED control module attached to each headlamp assembly through the high beam headlamp circuit. The headlamp LED driver module is used to control the high beam Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs). If the high beam headlamp circuit is open or shorted, the top mounted headlamp LED control module uses the low beam headlamp circuit for power.

The BCM also provides Field Effect Transistor (FET) protection of the high beam output circuits. When an excessive current draw is detected, the BCM disables the affected circuit driver. For additional information on BCM Field Effect Transistor (FET) protection,
Refer to: Module Controlled Functions - System Operation and Component Description (419-10 Multifunction Electronic Modules, Description and Operation).

Flash-To-Pass

The SCCM monitors the LH steering column multifunction switch for a flash-to-pass request. When the LH steering column multifunction switch is in the FLASH-TO-PASS position, the SCCM sends a message over the HS-CAN2 to the GWM then the GWM sends the message to the BCM over the HS-CAN1 .

Automatic High Beams

The automatic high beam system uses an interior rear view mirror mounted camera to monitor surrounding traffic conditions and high beam usage. The IPMA communicates light information over the HS-CAN2 to the GWM then the GWM sends the information to the BCM over the HS-CAN1 .

The automatic high beam feature is active only when the headlamp switch is in the AUTOLAMPS position.

During nighttime driving, the automatic high beam system automatically turns the high beams on if it is dark enough and no other traffic is present. When the system detects an approaching vehicle's headlamps or a preceding vehicle's rear lamps, the system turns off the high beams. When the approaching vehicle's headlamps or the preceding vehicle's rear lamps are no longer detected, the high beams automatically turn back on.

The IPMA turns the high beam headlamps on when all of the following conditions are met:

• The feature has been enabled using the message center.
• The headlamp switch is in the AUTOLAMPS position and the autolamps feature has turned the exterior lamps on.
• The vehicle speed is greater than 51 km/h (32 mph).
• The IPMA determines the ambient lighting conditions are dark enough.
• The IPMA does not detect any light source that can be interpreted as an illuminated vehicle lamp.

The IPMA turns the high beams off if any of the following occur:

• The IPMA detects any light source that can be interpreted as an illuminated vehicle lamp.
• The IPMA determines the ambient lighting conditions are not dark enough.
• The vehicle speed falls below 44 km/h (27 mph).
• The autolamps are turned off.
• The IPMA determines the view is blocked.

Manual Headlamp Leveling — Halogen Headlamps, China Only

By pressing the headlamp button and releasing it into the popped out position, the switch can be rotated into one of 4 headlamp level positions. This allows headlamp beam height to be adjusted according to vehicle load. Once the beam is adjusted, the button can be pressed again to lock in the headlamp beam height.

Automatic Headlamp Leveling — LED Headlamps, China Only

The headlamp beam height is automatically adjusted according to vehicle load, speed, acceleration and braking data received from the ABS module, PCM , LH front suspension height sensor and LH rear suspension height sensor.

The front lighting uses a HCM to command the up/down aiming of the headlamp Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs) through the LIN to the headlamp assemblies. The headlamp mounted LED control module receive the messages through the LIN from the HCM .

Depending on the inputs received (steering wheel angle and vehicle speed for example), the HCM can command the height at which the headlamp LED is aimed (up or down) to improve nighttime visibility. Automatic headlamp leveling is activated when the headlamp switch is in the HEADLAMPS or AUTOLAMPS position.

When the headlamp mounted LED control module and HCM first receives voltage when the ignition is ON, the headlamp mounted LED control module commands the headlamps up and down to initialize the system. During the initialization, the HCM runs diagnostics on the system and set Diagnostic Trouble Codes (DTCs) for applicable system faults.

Headlamp Exit Delay

After the ignition is off, the headlamps can be switched on by pulling the direction indicator lever toward the steering wheel. A short tone is heard. The headlamps switch off automatically after three minutes with any door open or 30 seconds after the last door has been closed. This features is canceled by pulling the direction indicator toward the steering wheel again or if the ignition is on again.

DRL

System Diagram

Item	Description
1	BCM
2	Ignition switch
3	Headlamp switch
4	PCM
5	HS-CAN1
6	Start/Stop switch
7	(without push button start)
8	(with push button start)
9	Low beam bulbs
10	LED DRL /Front Parking Lamps
11	(Low series halogen headlamps)
12	(Mid series halogen and LED headlamps)
13	LIN

DRL

For the low series halogen headlamps, the DRL system illuminates the low beam bulbs at a reduced intensity.

For the mid series halogen and LED headlamps, the DRL system illuminates the LED DRL /front parking lamps at full intensity in the headlamp assembly when the ignition is on, the headlamp switch is in the OFF or AUTOLAMPS position and the headlamps have not been turned on by the autolamp system.

When the ignition is in ON, the BCM supplies voltage to each headlamp assembly.

The BCM monitors the ignition status, the headlamp switch and autolamp status.

There are two types of DRL , conventional (where it is required) and configurable.

When equipped with conventional DRL , the DRL are active in any headlamp switch position except the HEADLAMPS position.

The conventional DRL are activated when all of the following conditions are met:

• The ignition is ON.
• The headlamps switch is in OFF, PARKLAMPS or AUTOLAMPS position and the headlamps have not been turned on by the autolamp system.
• The transmission is not in PARK.

When equipped with configurable DRL , the DRL may be enabled through the IPC message center. When enabled, the DRL are active only in the AUTOLAMPS headlamp position. When autolamps request the headlamps on, the DRL are deactivated.

The configurable DRL are activated when all of the following conditions are met:

• The ignition is ON.
• The headlamps switch is in AUTOLAMPS position and the headlamps have not been turned on by the autolamp system.
• The transmission is not in PARK.

When the transmission is in not in PARK, the PCM sends a message over the HS-CAN1 to the BCM indicating the transmission is not in PARK.

The BCM also provides Field Effect Transistor (FET) protection of the DRL output circuits. When an excessive current draw is detected, the BCM disables the affected circuit driver.
Refer to: Module Controlled Functions - System Operation and Component Description (419-10 Multifunction Electronic Modules, Description and Operation).

Autolamps

System Diagram

Item	Description
1	BCM
2	Light sensor
3	Low beams
4	Start/Stop switch
5	SCCM
6	GWM
7	HS-CAN1
8	HS-CAN2
9	Wiper/Washer switch
10	Parking lamps
11	(with push button start)
12	Ignition switch
13	(without push button start)
14	LIN
15	Headlamp switch

Network Message Chart

  BCM Network Input Messages

Broadcast Message	Originating Module	Message Purpose
Front wiper status	SCCM	The BCM uses the wiper status information for the operation of the wiper activated headlamps feature.

Autolamps

The BCM monitors the light sensor with a voltage signal. The light sensor input to the BCM varies with the ambient light conditions.

The BCM monitors the headlamp switch circuits to indicate the headlamp switch position.

When the BCM receives a headlamp switch status indicating a request for the autolamps, the BCM monitors the light sensor for the ambient light condition. If the BCM determines the ambient light level is dark, the BCM illuminates the exterior parking and low beam lamps

Headlamps On With Wipers On Function

When the headlamp switch is in the autolamps position, the exterior lamps turn on when the front wipers are in low or high. This feature does not activate the exterior lamps during a mist wipe, while the wipers are on to clear washer fluid during a wash condition or if the wipers are in automatic or intermittent modes.

The exterior lamps turn off when the ignition switches off, the headlamp switch is placed in the OFF position, or the front wipers are turned off. The exception to this is when the exterior lights are on because of darkness determined by the autolamp system.

Stoplamps

System Diagram

Item	Description
1	BCM
2	LH rear lamp assembly
3	RH rear lamp assembly
4	Stoplamp switch
5	High mounted stoplamp

Stoplamps

The BCM monitors the input from the stoplamp switch. When the brake pedal is applied, voltage is routed to the BCM , indicating a request for the stoplamps. The BCM then supplies voltage to the stoplamps.

The BCM uses 3 separate output circuits. The LH stoplamp output circuit, RH stoplamp output circuit and the high-mounted stoplamp output circuit.

The BCM also provides Field Effect Transistor (FET) protection of the stoplamp output circuits. When an excessive current draw is detected, the BCM disables the affected stoplamp circuit driver.
Refer to: Module Controlled Functions - System Operation and Component Description (419-10 Multifunction Electronic Modules, Description and Operation).

Turn Signal and Hazard Lamps

System Diagram

Item	Description
1	(with push button start)
2	(without push button start)
3	HS-CAN2
4	SCCM
5	GWM
6	HS-CAN1
7	Start/Stop switch
8	Hazard switch
9	BCM
10	LH exterior mirror
11	RH exterior mirror
12	DDM
13	PDM
14	LH front turn lamp
15	Ignition switch
16	RH front turn lamp
17	LH rear turn lamp
18	RH rear turn lamp
19	LH steering column multifunction switch
20	MS-CAN
21	(LED headlamps only)

Network Message Chart

  BCM Network Input Messages

Broadcast Message	Originating Module	Message Purpose
Turn signal switch status	SCCM	Indicates the turn signal stalk position on the LH steering column multifunction switch (left/right lane change or turn signal on or off). The BCM activates the left/right turn signals based on this input.

  DDM and PDM Network Input Messages

Broadcast Message	Originating Module	Message Purpose
Turn indication request	BCM	A command to the DDM or PDM to activate/deactivate the exterior mirror turn indicator.

Turn Signals

The SCCM monitors the LH steering column multifunction switch position. When the LH steering column multifunction switch is in the LH TURN or RH TURN position, the SCCM sends a message over the HS-CAN2 to the GWM then the GWM sends the message to the BCM over the HS-CAN1 indicating a request for the LH or RH turn signal.

For the halogen headlamps front turn lamps, when the BCM receives a request for a turn signal, the BCM supplies on/off voltage to the appropriate front turn lamp bulbs.

For the LED headlamps front turn lamps, when the BCM receives a request for a turn signal, the BCM supplies on/off voltage to the LED control module mounted to the headlamp assembly. The LED control module send voltage to the turn lamp Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs). During normal operation, when LED control module supplies voltage to the turn Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs), the LED control module sends the same voltage back to the BCM through the outage circuit. If the Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs) are inoperative the BCM does not receive this voltage feedback through the outage circuit.

When the BCM receives a request for a turn signal, the BCM sends a turn indicator command message over the HS-CAN1 to the GWM then the MS-CAN to the door modules for the exterior mirror turn lamps.

For rear turn lamps, when the BCM receives a request for a turn signal, the BCM supplies on/off voltage to the appropriate turn lamps.

If a front or rear turn signal lamp is inoperative, the IPC turn lamp indicator fast flashes at approximately 150 times per minute to indicate a bulb outage to the driver (the exterior turn lamps still flash at approximately 70 times per minute).

The BCM also provides Field Effect Transistor (FET) protection of the turn lamp output circuits. When an excessive current draw is detected, the BCM disables the affected turn lamp circuit driver.
Refer to: Module Controlled Functions - System Operation and Component Description (419-10 Multifunction Electronic Modules, Description and Operation).

Hazard Lamps

The BCM sends a voltage signal to the hazard flasher lamp switch to monitor for a hazard lamp function request. When the hazard flasher lamp switch is pressed, the voltage signal is routed to ground, indicating a request to activate or deactivate the hazard lamp function.

When the BCM receives a request for the hazard lamps, the BCM supplies on/off voltage to the front and rear turn lamps and sends a request to the door modules to flash the exterior mirror turn lamps.

Parking, Rear, and License Plate Lamps

System Diagram

Item	Description
1	BCM
2	Headlamp switch
3	Front and rear parking, side marker and license plate lamps
4	LIN

Parking Lamps

The headlamp switch sends a status message over the LIN circuit to the BCM to indicate the headlamp switch status (position or a fault with the headlamp switch). The BCM turns the parking lamps and headlamps on when the ignition is in RUN and the BCM detects a fault from the headlamp switch or wiring. This is normal behavior of the BCM when a fault has been detected with the inputs from the headlamp switch.

When the BCM receives a request for a parking lamps, the BCM supplies voltage to the headlamp assembly, rear parking lamps, license plate lamps and, if equipped, the reverse lamp parking lamps.

The BCM also provides Field Effect Transistor (FET) protection of the parking lamps output circuits. When an excessive current draw is detected, the BCM disables the affected parking lamps circuit driver.
Refer to: Module Controlled Functions - System Operation and Component Description (419-10 Multifunction Electronic Modules, Description and Operation).

Fog Lamps

System Diagram

Item	Description
1	BCM
2	Headlamp switch
3	Front fog lamps
4	Ignition switch
5	Start/Stop switch
6	(without push button start)
7	(with push button start)
8	SCCM
9	GWM
10	LH steering column multifunction switch
11	HS-CAN1
12	HS-CAN2
13	LIN
14	Rear fog lamps

Fog Lamps

The headlamp switch sends a status message over the LIN circuit to the BCM to indicate the headlamp switch status (position or a fault with the headlamp switch). The BCM turns the parking lamps and headlamps on when the ignition is in RUN and the BCM detects a fault from the headlamp switch or wiring. This is normal behavior of the BCM when a fault has been detected with the inputs from the headlamp switch.

When the BCM receives input from the headlamp switch indicating a request for the front fog lamps, the BCM provides voltage to the front fog lamps.

When the BCM receives input from the headlamp switch indicating a request for the rear fog lamp, the BCM provides voltage to the rear fog lamp.

The BCM also provides an Field Effect Transistor (FET) protection of the fog lamp output circuits. When an excessive current draw is detected, the BCM disables the fog lamp output circuit drivers.
Refer to: Module Controlled Functions - System Operation and Component Description (419-10 Multifunction Electronic Modules, Description and Operation).

Reversing Lamps

System Diagram

Item	Description
1	HS-CAN1
2	BCM
3	PCM
4	Reversing lamps
5	TR sensor
6	(without push button start)
7	(with push button start)
8	Ignition switch
9	Start/Stop switch

Network Message Chart

  BCM Network Input Messages

Broadcast Message	Originating Module	Message Purpose
Reverse	PCM	Indicates the transmission is in reverse gear to the BCM . When the transmission is in REVERSE and the ignition in RUN, the BCM provides voltage to the reversing lamps.

Reversing Lamps

When the transmission is in REVERSE, the PCM sends a message over the HS-CAN1 to the BCM indicating the transmission is in REVERSE. The BCM provides voltage to the reversing lamp when it receives the message that the transmission is in REVERSE and the ignition is in RUN.

The BCM also provides Field Effect Transistor (FET) protection of the reversing lamp output circuit. When an excessive current draw is detected, the BCM disables the affected reversing lamps circuit driver.
Refer to: Module Controlled Functions - System Operation and Component Description (419-10 Multifunction Electronic Modules, Description and Operation).

Trailer Lamps

System Diagram

Item	Description
1	MS-CAN
2	TRM
3	Trailer tow connector
4	HS-CAN1
5	BCM
6	Headlamp switch
7	Stoplamp switch
8	GWM
9	SCCM
10	LH steering column multifunction switch
11	HS-CAN2
12	Ignition switch
13	Start/Stop switch
14	(without push button start)
15	(with push button start)
16	LIN

Network Message Chart

  TRM Network Input Messages

Broadcast Message	Originating Module	Message Purpose
Turn signal switch status	SCCM	A command to the TRM to activate/deactivate the turn indicator output to the trailer tow connector.
Stoplamp request	BCM	A command to the TRM to activate/deactivate the stop lamps output to the trailer tow connector.
Rear fog status	GWM	A command to the TRM to activate/deactivate the fog lamps output to the trailer tow connector.
Reverse lamp status	GWM	A command to the TRM to activate/deactivate the reverse lamps output to the trailer tow connector.
Parklamp status	GWM	A command to the TRM to activate/deactivate the park lamps output to the trailer tow connector.

Trailer Stop-Turn Lamps

The SCCM monitors the LH multifunction switch position. When the LH multifunction switch is in the left or right turn position, the SCCM sends a message over the LIN to the BCM indicating a request for the LH or RH turn signal.

When the BCM receives a request for a turn signal, the BCM sends a turn indicator command message over the MS-CAN to the TRM to activate the requested turn indicator output to the trailer tow connector.

When the BCM receives input from the stoplamp switch indicating that the brake pedal is being pressed, the TRM receives a stoplamp activation signal from the BCM .

Trailer Parking Lamps

The headlamp switch sends a headlamp switch status message over the LIN to the BCM to indicate the headlamp switch status (position or a fault with the headlamp switch).

When the parking lamps or headlamps position is selected, the BCM sends a position light indication message over the MS-CAN to the TRM to activate the parking lamps output to the trailer tow connector.

Field Effect Transistor (FET) Protection

The TRM utilizes a Field Effect Transistor (FET) protective circuit strategy for its lamp output circuits. Output loads (current level) are monitored for excessive current (typically short circuits) and are shut down (turns off the voltage or ground provided by the module) when a fault event is detected.

A Field Effect Transistor (FET) is a type of transistor the control module software uses to control and monitor current flow on module outputs. The Field Effect Transistor (FET) protection strategy prevents module damage in the event of excessive current flow.

Output loads (current level) are monitored for excessive current draw (typically short circuits). When a fault event is detected the Field Effect Transistor (FET) turns off and a short circuit DTC sets. The module resets the Field Effect Transistor (FET) protection and allows the circuit to function when the fault is corrected or the ignition state is cycled off and then back on.

When the excessive circuit load occurs often enough, the module shuts down the output until a repair procedure is carried out. Each Field Effect Transistor (FET) protected circuit has 3 predefined levels of short circuit tolerance based on a module lifetime level of fault events based upon the durability of the Field Effect Transistor (FET).

When each level is reached, the DTC associated with the short circuit sets along with DTC U1000:00. These Diagnostic Trouble Codes (DTCs) can be cleared using the module on-demand self-test, then the Clear DTC operation on the scan tool (if the on-demand test shows the fault corrected). The module never resets the fault event counter to zero and continues to advance the fault event counter as short circuit fault events occur.

If the number of short circuit fault events reach the third level, then Diagnostic Trouble Codes (DTCs) U1000:00 and U3000:49 set along with the associated short circuit DTC . DTC U3000:49 cannot be cleared and the module must be replaced after the repair.

Component Description

Headlamp Assembly

The headlamps utilize a non-serviceable module (integrated into the headlamp assembly) to control the headlamp daytime running/park/turn lamps.

Exterior lamps are vented to accommodate normal changes in pressure. Condensation can be a natural by-product of this design. When moist air enters the lamp assembly through the vents, there is a possibility that condensation can occur if the temperature is cold. When normal condensation occurs, a thin mist forms on the interior of the lens. The thin mist eventually clears and exits through the vents during normal operation. The amount of time it takes to clear the lens of acceptable mist varies with ambient humidity and lamp types. Normal condensation clears from any lamp in 48 hours under dry conditions.

Do not replace a lamp assembly with acceptable levels of condensation such as:

• presence of thin mist (no streaks, drip marks or droplets are present)
• fine mist covers less than 50% of the lens

Examples of unacceptable moisture (usually caused by a lamp housing leak):

• water puddling inside the lamp
• large water droplets, drip marks or streaks present on the interior of the lens

Headlamp Switch

The headlamp switch sends a headlamp switch status message over the LIN to the BCM to indicate the headlamp switch status (position or a fault with the headlamp switch).

Light Sensor

The BCM sends a voltage signal to the light sensor. The light sensor provides resistance between the voltage signal and ground. The resistance varies depending on the amount of ambient light detected by the light sensor. The brighter the ambient light, the lower the resistance. By varying the resistance, the BCM can determine the amount of ambient light.

Stoplamp Switch

The stoplamp switch is a normally open switch and is provided voltage at all times. When the brake pedal is applied, the switch closes and routes voltage to the BCM .